🇨🇳 普通话常用副词(三)· 已经 / 刚 / 才 / 就 / 马上 / 正在 / 先 / 然后

💡 本课主题:时间副词——表示时间先后与进行。共 8 个词条、40 个例句。点击词语查看释义并听发音,点击 🔊 听整句,先听后看,再用 🎙 录音跟读。

📑 内容目录

● 第❶组 已经 yǐ jīng already · 5个例句 ▼
📌 已经:表示动作或状态在说话之前已经完成或达到。 常与表示时间的词语连用,如“早就”、“现在”等。
#普通话例句English Translation
1我已经吃过饭了。I have already eaten.
2他已经走了吗?Has he already left?
3我们已经认识十年了。We have already known each other for ten years.
4太晚了,商店已经关门了。It's too late, the store is already closed.
5你已经订好票了吗?Have you already booked the tickets?
我wǒ已经yǐ jīng吃过chī guò饭fàn了le
Ich habe schon gegessen.
I have already eaten.
语速
他tā已经yǐ jīng走zǒu了le吗ma
Ist er schon gegangen?
Has he already left?
语速
我们wǒ men已经yǐ jīng认识rèn shi十年shí nián了le
Wir kennen uns schon seit zehn Jahren.
We have already known each other for ten years.
语速
太tài晚wǎn了le,,商店shāng diàn已经yǐ jīng关门guān mén了le
Es ist zu spät, der Laden ist schon geschlossen.
It's too late, the store is already closed.
语速
你nǐ已经yǐ jīng订好dìng hǎo票piào了le吗ma
Hast du die Tickets schon gebucht?
Have you already booked the tickets?
语速
● 第❷组 刚 gāng just; a moment ago · 5个例句 ▼
📌 刚:表示动作或情况发生在不久前,强调时间短暂。 常用于句首或动词前,后面不带“了”。
#普通话例句English Translation
1他刚来,你稍等。He just arrived, please wait a moment.
2我刚吃完早饭。I just finished breakfast.
3你刚说什么?What did you just say?
4我刚到家,很累。I just got home, I'm very tired.
5她刚学会开车。She just learned how to drive.
他tā刚gāng来lái,,你nǐ稍等shāo děng
Er ist gerade angekommen, warten Sie bitte kurz.
He just arrived, please wait a moment.
语速
我wǒ刚gāng吃完chī wán早饭zǎo fàn
Ich habe gerade gefrühstückt.
I just finished breakfast.
语速
你nǐ刚gāng说shuō什么shén me
Was hast du gerade gesagt?
What did you just say?
语速
我wǒ刚gāng到家dào jiā,,很hěn累lèi
Ich bin gerade zu Hause angekommen, ich bin sehr müde.
I just got home, I'm very tired.
语速
她tā刚gāng学会xué huì开车kāi chē
Sie hat gerade gelernt, Auto zu fahren.
She just learned how to drive.
语速
● 第❸组 才 cái not until; only then · 5个例句 ▼
📌 才:表示动作或情况发生得晚,或经过一番努力才实现。 常强调迟、慢,或条件具备后才发生,后面可带“了”。
#普通话例句English Translation
1他晚上十点才睡觉。He doesn't go to bed until 10 PM.
2你怎么才来啊?Why did you just arrive (so late)?
3我费了很大劲才学会。I only learned it after a lot of effort.
4直到昨天我才知道。I didn't know until yesterday.
5他病了,所以才没来。He was sick, that's why he didn't come.
他tā晚上wǎn shang十点shí diǎn才cái睡觉shuì jiào
Er geht erst um zehn Uhr abends schlafen.
He doesn't go to bed until 10 PM.
语速
你nǐ怎么zěn me才cái来lái啊a
Warum bist du erst jetzt gekommen?
Why did you just arrive (so late)?
语速
我wǒ费了fèi le很hěn大dà劲jìn才cái学会xué huì
Ich habe es erst nach großer Anstrengung gelernt.
I only learned it after a lot of effort.
语速
直到zhí dào昨天zuó tiān我wǒ才cái知道zhī dào
Ich wusste es erst seit gestern.
I didn't know until yesterday.
语速
他tā病了bìng le,,所以suǒ yǐ才cái没méi来lái
Er war krank, deshalb ist er nicht gekommen.
He was sick, that's why he didn't come.
语速
● 第❹组 就 jiù then; immediately; as early as · 5个例句 ▼
📌 就:表示动作或情况发生得早、快,或顺利、自然而然地发生。 常强调早、快,或在条件具备后立即发生,后面可带“了”。
#普通话例句English Translation
1我六点就起床了。I got up as early as 6 AM.
2你告诉我,我就去。You tell me, and I'll go (immediately).
3下班后我们就见面。We'll meet right after work.
4这么简单,一下就会了。It's so simple, I learned it right away.
5他一见到你就笑。He smiles as soon as he sees you.
我wǒ六点liù diǎn就jiù起床qǐ chuáng了le
Ich bin schon um sechs Uhr aufgestanden.
I got up as early as 6 AM.
语速
你nǐ告诉gào su我wǒ,,我wǒ就jiù去qù
Sag es mir, und ich gehe sofort.
You tell me, and I'll go (immediately).
语速
下班xià bān后hòu我们wǒ men就jiù见面jiàn miàn
Wir treffen uns gleich nach der Arbeit.
We'll meet right after work.
语速
这么zhè me简单jiǎn dān,,一下yí xià就jiù会huì了le
Es ist so einfach, ich habe es sofort verstanden.
It's so simple, I learned it right away.
语速
他tā一yī见到jiàn dào你nǐ就jiù笑xiào
Er lächelt, sobald er dich sieht.
He smiles as soon as he sees you.
语速
● 第❺组 马上 mǎ shàng immediately; right away; at once · 5个例句 ▼
📌 马上:表示动作或情况即将发生,时间非常紧迫。 常用于表示即将进行的动作,通常不带“了”。
#普通话例句English Translation
1我马上就到。I'll be there right away.
2电影马上开始了。The movie is starting right away.
3请马上过来一趟。Please come over immediately.
4好,我马上处理。Okay, I'll deal with it right away.
5火车马上就要开了。The train is about to depart immediately.
我wǒ马上mǎ shàng就jiù到dào
Ich bin gleich da.
I'll be there right away.
语速
电影diàn yǐng马上mǎ shàng开始kāi shǐ了le
Der Film beginnt gleich.
The movie is starting right away.
语速
请qǐng马上mǎ shàng过来guò lái一趟yí tàng
Bitte kommen Sie sofort herüber.
Please come over immediately.
语速
好hǎo,,我wǒ马上mǎ shàng处理chǔ lǐ
Gut, ich kümmere mich sofort darum.
Okay, I'll deal with it right away.
语速
火车huǒ chē马上mǎ shàng就要jiù yào开kāi了le
Der Zug fährt gleich ab.
The train is about to depart immediately.
语速
● 第❻组 正在 zhèng zài in the process of; currently · 5个例句 ▼
📌 正在:表示动作或状态正在进行之中,强调连续性。 常与“呢”连用,表示动作正在进行。
#普通话例句English Translation
1我正在学习汉语。I am currently studying Chinese.
2他正在看电视呢。He is currently watching TV.
3会议正在进行中。The meeting is currently in progress.
4外面正在下雨吗?Is it raining outside?
5别吵,我正在思考问题。Don't make noise, I am currently thinking about a problem.
我wǒ正在zhèng zài学习xué xí汉语hàn yǔ
Ich lerne gerade Chinesisch.
I am currently studying Chinese.
语速
他tā正在zhèng zài看kàn电视diàn shì呢ne
Er schaut gerade fern.
He is currently watching TV.
语速
会议huì yì正在zhèng zài进行jìn xíng中zhōng
Die Besprechung ist gerade im Gange.
The meeting is currently in progress.
语速
外面wài miàn正在zhèng zài下雨xià yǔ吗ma
Regnet es gerade draußen?
Is it raining outside?
语速
别bié吵chǎo,,我wǒ正在zhèng zài思考sī kǎo问题wèn tí
Sei leise, ich denke gerade über ein Problem nach.
Don't make noise, I am currently thinking about a problem.
语速
● 第❼组 先 xiān first; beforehand · 5个例句 ▼
📌 先:表示动作或情况发生在前,或强调优先进行。 常用于连动句或表示先做某事再做另一事。
#普通话例句English Translation
1你先走吧。You go first.
2我先洗手,再吃饭。I'll wash my hands first, then eat.
3我们先讨论一下。Let's discuss it first.
4你先试一下这件衣服。You try on this dress first.
5我先把事情说清楚。I'll clarify things first.
你nǐ先xiān走zǒu吧ba
Geh du zuerst.
You go first.
语速
我wǒ先xiān洗手xǐ shǒu,,再zài吃饭chī fàn
Ich wasche zuerst meine Hände, dann esse ich.
I'll wash my hands first, then eat.
语速
我们wǒ men先xiān讨论tǎo lùn一下yí xià
Lassen Sie uns zuerst darüber diskutieren.
Let's discuss it first.
语速
你nǐ先xiān试一下shì yí xià这件zhè jiàn衣服yī fu
Probier dieses Kleid zuerst an.
You try on this dress first.
语速
我wǒ先xiān把bǎ事情shì qing说shuō清楚qīng chu
Ich kläre zuerst die Dinge.
I'll clarify things first.
语速
● 第❽组 然后 rán hòu then; afterwards · 5个例句 ▼
📌 然后:表示在某个动作或事件之后,接着发生的另一动作或事件。 常用于连接两个动作或事件,表示顺序。
#普通话例句English Translation
1我们先吃饭,然后看电影。We eat first, then watch a movie.
2你填表格,然后给我。You fill out the form, then give it to me.
3我先学习,然后休息。I'll study first, then rest.
4你可以先拿,然后付钱。You can take it first, then pay.
5我听完音乐,然后出去。I'll finish listening to music, then go out.
我们wǒ men先xiān吃饭chī fàn,,然后rán hòu看kàn电影diàn yǐng
Wir essen zuerst, dann schauen wir einen Film.
We eat first, then watch a movie.
语速
你nǐ填tián表格biǎo gé,,然后rán hòu给gěi我wǒ
Füllen Sie das Formular aus, dann geben Sie es mir.
You fill out the form, then give it to me.
语速
我wǒ先xiān学习xué xí,,然后rán hòu休息xiū xi
Ich lerne zuerst, dann ruhe ich mich aus.
I'll study first, then rest.
语速
你nǐ可以kě yǐ先xiān拿ná,,然后rán hòu付钱fù qián
Du kannst es zuerst nehmen, dann bezahlen.
You can take it first, then pay.
语速
我wǒ听完tīng wán音乐yīn yuè,,然后rán hòu出去chū qù
Ich höre die Musik zu Ende, dann gehe ich raus.
I'll finish listening to music, then go out.
语速